Colour

Converts and manipulates common color representation (RGB, HSL, web, ...)

Feature

• Damn simple and pythonic way to manipulate color representation (see examples below)
• Full conversion between RGB, HSL, 6-digit hex, 3-digit hex, human color
• One object (Color) or bunch of single purpose function (rgb2hex, hsl2rgb ...)
• web format that use the smallest representation between 6-digit (e.g. #fa3b2c), 3-digit (e.g. #fbb), fully spelled color (e.g. white), following W3C color naming for compatible CSS or HTML color specifications.
• smooth intuitive color scale generation choosing N color gradients.
• can pick colors for you to identify objects of your application.

Installation

You don't need to download the GIT version of the code as colour is available on the PyPI. So you should be able to run:

pip install colour

If you have downloaded the GIT sources, then you could add the colour.py directly to one of your site-packages (thanks to a symlink). Or install the current version via traditional:

python setup.py install

And if you don't have the GIT sources but would like to get the latest master or branch from github, you could also:

pip install git+https://github.com/vaab/colour

Or even select a specific revision (branch/tag/commit):

pip install git+https://github.com/vaab/colour@master

Usage

To get complete demo of each function, please read the source code which is heavily documented and provide a lot of examples in doctest format.

Here is a reduced sample of a common usage scenario:

Instantiation

Let's create blue color:

>>> from colour import Color
>>> c = Color("blue")
>>> c

Please note that all of these are equivalent examples to create the red color:

Color("red")           ## human, web compatible representation
Color(red=1)           ## default amount of blue and green is 0.0
Color("blue", hue=0)   ## hue of blue is 0.66, hue of red is 0.0
Color("#f00")          ## standard 3 hex digit web compatible representation
Color("#ff0000")       ## standard 6 hex digit web compatible representation
Color(hue=0, saturation=1, luminance=0.5)
Color(hsl=(0, 1, 0.5)) ## full 3-uple HSL specification
Color(rgb=(1, 0, 0))   ## full 3-uple RGB specification
Color(Color("red"))    ## recursion doesn't break object

Reading values

Several representations are accessible:

>>> c.hex
'#00f'
>>> c.hsl  # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
(0.66..., 1.0, 0.5)
>>> c.rgb
(0.0, 0.0, 1.0)

And their different parts are also independently accessible, as the different amount of red, blue, green, in the RGB format:

>>> c.red
0.0
>>> c.blue
1.0
>>> c.green
0.0

Or the hue, saturation and luminance of the HSL representation:

>>> c.hue  # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
0.66...
>>> c.saturation
1.0
>>> c.luminance
0.5

A note on the .hex property, it'll return the smallest valid value when possible. If you are only interested by the long value, use .hex_l:

>>> c.hex_l
'#0000ff'

Modifying color objects

All of these properties are read/write, so let's add some red to this color:

>>> c.red = 1
>>> c

We might want to de-saturate this color:

>>> c.saturation = 0.5
>>> c

And of course, the string conversion will give the web representation which is human, or 3-digit, or 6-digit hex representation depending which is usable:

>>> "%s" % c
'#bf40bf'

>>> c.luminance = 1
>>> "%s" % c
'white'

Ranges of colors

You can get some color scale of variation between two Color objects quite easily. Here, is the color scale of the rainbow between red and blue:

>>> red = Color("red")
>>> blue = Color("blue")
>>> list(red.range_to(blue, 5))
[, , , , ]

Or the different amount of gray between black and white:

>>> black = Color("black")
>>> white = Color("white")
>>> list(black.range_to(white, 6))
[, , , , , ]

If you have to create graphical representation with color scale between red and green ('lime' color is full green):

>>> lime = Color("lime")
>>> list(red.range_to(lime, 5))
[, , , , ]

Notice how naturally, the yellow is displayed in human format and in the middle of the scale. And that the quite unusual (but compatible) 'chartreuse' color specification has been used in place of the hexadecimal representation.

Color comparison

Sane default

Color comparison is a vast subject. However, it might seem quite straightforward for you. Colour uses a configurable default way of comparing color that might suit your needs:

>>> Color("red") == Color("#f00") == Color("blue", hue=0)
True

The default comparison algorithm focuses only on the "web" representation which is equivalent to comparing the long hex representation (e.g. #FF0000) or to be more specific, it is equivalent to compare the amount of red, green, and blue composition of the RGB representation, each of these value being quantized to a 256 value scale.

This default comparison is a practical and convenient way to measure the actual color equivalence on your screen, or in your video card memory.

But this comparison wouldn't make the difference between a black red, and a black blue, which both are black:

>>> black_red = Color("red", luminance=0)
>>> black_blue = Color("blue", luminance=0)

>>> black_red == black_blue
True

Customization

But, this is not the sole way to compare two colors. As I'm quite lazy, I'm providing you a way to customize it to your needs. Thus:

>>> from colour import RGB_equivalence, HSL_equivalence
>>> black_red = Color("red", luminance=0, equality=HSL_equivalence)
>>> black_blue = Color("blue", luminance=0, equality=HSL_equivalence)

>>> black_red == black_blue
False

As you might have already guessed, the sane default is RGB_equivalence, so:

>>> black_red = Color("red", luminance=0, equality=RGB_equivalence)
>>> black_blue = Color("blue", luminance=0, equality=RGB_equivalence)

>>> black_red == black_blue
True

Here's how you could implement your unique comparison function:

>>> saturation_equivalence = lambda c1, c2: c1.saturation == c2.saturation
>>> red = Color("red", equality=saturation_equivalence)
>>> blue = Color("blue", equality=saturation_equivalence)
>>> white = Color("white", equality=saturation_equivalence)

>>> red == blue
True
>>> white == red
False

Note: When comparing 2 colors, only the equality function of the first color will be used. Thus:

>>> black_red = Color("red", luminance=0, equality=RGB_equivalence)
>>> black_blue = Color("blue", luminance=0, equality=HSL_equivalence)

>>> black_red == black_blue
True

But reverse operation is not equivalent !:

>>> black_blue == black_red
False

Equality to non-Colour objects

As a side note, whatever your custom equality function is, it won't be used if you compare to anything else than a Colour instance:

>>> red = Color("red", equality=lambda c1, c2: True)
>>> blue = Color("blue", equality=lambda c1, c2: True)

Note that these instances would compare as equal to any other color:

>>> red == blue
True

But on another non-Colour object:

>>> red == None
False
>>> red != None
True

Actually, Colour instances will, politely enough, leave the other side of the equality have a chance to decide of the output, (by executing its own __eq__), so:

>>> class OtherColorImplem(object):
...     def __init__(self, color):
...         self.color = color
...     def __eq__(self, other):
...         return self.color == other.web

>>> alien_red = OtherColorImplem("red")
>>> red == alien_red
True
>>> blue == alien_red
False

And inequality (using __ne__) are also polite:

>>> class AnotherColorImplem(OtherColorImplem):
...     def __ne__(self, other):
...         return self.color != other.web

>>> new_alien_red = AnotherColorImplem("red")
>>> red != new_alien_red
False
>>> blue != new_alien_red
True

Picking arbitrary color for a python object

Basic Usage

Sometimes, you just want to pick a color for an object in your application often to visually identify this object. Thus, the picked color should be the same for same objects, and different for different object:

>>> foo = object()
>>> bar = object()

>>> Color(pick_for=foo)  # doctest: +ELLIPSIS

>>> Color(pick_for=foo) == Color(pick_for=foo)
True
>>> Color(pick_for=foo) == Color(pick_for=bar)
False

Of course, although there's a tiny probability that different strings yield the same color, most of the time, different inputs will produce different colors.

Advanced Usage

You can customize your color picking algorithm by providing a picker. A picker is a callable that takes an object, and returns something that can be instantiated as a color by Color:

>>> my_picker = lambda obj: "red" if isinstance(obj, int) else "blue"
>>> Color(pick_for=3, picker=my_picker, pick_key=None)

>>> Color(pick_for="foo", picker=my_picker, pick_key=None)

You might want to use a particular picker, but enforce how the picker will identify two object as the same (or not). So there's a pick_key attribute that is provided and defaults as equivalent of hash method and if hash is not supported by your object, it'll default to the str of your object salted with the class name.

Thus:

>>> class MyObj(str): pass
>>> my_obj_color = Color(pick_for=MyObj("foo"))
>>> my_str_color = Color(pick_for="foo")
>>> my_obj_color == my_str_color
False

Please make sure your object is hashable or "stringable" before using the RGB_color_picker picking mechanism or provide another color picker. Nearly all python object are hashable by default so this shouldn't be an issue (e.g. instances of object and subclasses are hashable).

Neither hash nor str are perfect solution. So feel free to use pick_key at Color instantiation time to set your way to identify objects, for instance:

>>> a = object()
>>> b = object()
>>> Color(pick_for=a, pick_key=id) == Color(pick_for=b, pick_key=id)
False

When choosing a pick key, you should closely consider if you want your color to be consistent between runs (this is NOT the case with the last example), or consistent with the content of your object if it is a mutable object.

Default value of pick_key and picker ensures that the same color will be attributed to same object between different run on different computer for most python object.

Color factory

As you might have noticed, there are few attributes that you might want to see attached to all of your colors as equality for equality comparison support, or picker, pick_key to configure your object color picker.

You can create a customized Color factory thanks to the make_color_factory:

>>> from colour import make_color_factory, HSL_equivalence, RGB_color_picker

>>> get_color = make_color_factory(
...    equality=HSL_equivalence,
...    picker=RGB_color_picker,
...    pick_key=str,
... )

All color created thanks to CustomColor class instead of the default one would get the specified attributes by default:

>>> black_red = get_color("red", luminance=0)
>>> black_blue = get_color("blue", luminance=0)

Of course, these are always instances of Color class:

>>> isinstance(black_red, Color)
True

Equality was changed from normal defaults, so:

>>> black_red == black_blue
False

This because the default equivalence of Color was set to HSL_equivalence.

Contributing

Any suggestion or issue is welcome. Push request are very welcome, please check out the guidelines.

Push Request Guidelines

You can send any code. I'll look at it and will integrate it myself in the code base and leave you as the author. This process can take time and it'll take less time if you follow the following guidelines:

• check your code with PEP8 or pylint. Try to stick to 80 columns wide.
• separate your commits per smallest concern.
• each commit should pass the tests (to allow easy bisect)
• each functionality/bugfix commit should contain the code, tests, and doc.
• prior minor commit with typographic or code cosmetic changes are very welcome. These should be tagged in their commit summary with !minor.
• the commit message should follow gitchangelog rules (check the git log to get examples)
• if the commit fixes an issue or finished the implementation of a feature, please mention it in the summary.

If you have some questions about guidelines which is not answered here, please check the current git log, you might find previous commit that would show you how to deal with your issue.

License

Copyright (c) 2012-2017 Valentin Lab.

Licensed under the BSD License.

Changelog

0.1.4 (2017-04-19)

Fix

• rgb2hsl would produce invalid hsl triplet when red, blue, green component would be all very close to 1.0. (fixes #30) [Valentin Lab]

  Typically, saturation would shoot out of range 0.0..1.0. That could then lead to exceptions being casts afterwards when trying to reconvert this HSL triplet to RGB values.

0.1.3 (2017-04-08)

Fix

• Unexpected behavior with != operator. (fixes #26) [Valentin Lab]
• Added mention of the hex_l property. (fixes #27) [Valentin Lab]

0.1.2 (2015-09-15)

Fix

• Support for corner case 1-wide range_to color scale. (fixes #18) [Valentin Lab]

0.1.1 (2015-03-29)

Fix

• Avoid casting an exception when comparing to non-Colour instances. (fixes #14) [Riziq Sayegh]

0.0.6 (2014-11-18)

New

• Provide all missing 2 function by combination with other existing ones (fixes #13). [Valentin Lab]

• Provide full access to any color name in HSL, RGB, HEX convenience instances. [Valentin Lab]

  Now you can call colour.HSL.cyan, or colour.HEX.red for a direct encoding of human colour labels to the 3 representations.

0.0.5 (2013-09-16)

New

• Color names are case insensitive. [Chris Priest]

  The color-name structure have their names capitalized. And color names that are made of only one word will be displayed lowercased.

Fix

• Now using W3C color recommandation. [Chris Priest]

  Was using X11 color scheme before, which is slightly different from W3C web color specifications.

• Inconsistency in licence information (removed GPL mention). (fixes #8) [Valentin Lab]

• Removed gitchangelog from setup.py require list. (fixes #9) [Valentin Lab]

0.0.4 (2013-06-21)

New

• Added make_color_factory to customize some common color attributes. [Valentin Lab]
• Pick color to identify any python object (fixes #6) [Jonathan Ballet]
• Equality support between colors, customizable if needed. (fixes #3) [Valentin Lab]

0.0.3 (2013-06-19)

New

• Colour is now compatible with python3. [Ryan Leckey]

0.0.1 (2012-06-11)

• First import. [Valentin Lab]

TODO

• ANSI 16-color and 256-color escape sequence generation
• YUV, HSV, CMYK support