How to use the boltons.urlutils.URL function in boltons

def test_invalid_port():
    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
        URL('http://reader.googlewebsite.com:neverforget')

def test_normalize_with_case():
    # from RFC 3986 Section 6.2.2
    url1 = URL('example://a/b/c/%7Bfoo%7D')
    url2 = URL('eXAMPLE://a/./b/../b/%63/%7bfoo%7d')

    assert url1 != url2

    url1.normalize()
    url2.normalize()

    assert url1 == url2

def test_url_copy():
    url = URL('http://example.com/foo?bar=baz')
    url_copy = URL(url)
    assert url == url_copy

def test_netloc_slashes():
    # basic sanity checks
    url = URL('mailto:mahmoud@hatnote.com')
    assert url.scheme == 'mailto'
    assert url.to_text() == 'mailto:mahmoud@hatnote.com'

    url = URL('http://hatnote.com')
    assert url.scheme == 'http'
    assert url.to_text() == 'http://hatnote.com'

    # test that unrecognized schemes stay consistent with '//'
    url = URL('newscheme:a:b:c')
    assert url.scheme == 'newscheme'
    assert url.to_text() == 'newscheme:a:b:c'

    url = URL('newerscheme://a/b/c')
    assert url.scheme == 'newerscheme'
    assert url.to_text() == 'newerscheme://a/b/c'

    # test that reasonable guesses are made
    url = URL('git+ftp://gitstub.biz/glyph/lefkowitz')
    assert url.scheme == 'git+ftp'
    assert url.to_text() == 'git+ftp://gitstub.biz/glyph/lefkowitz'

def test_netloc_slashes():
    # basic sanity checks
    url = URL('mailto:mahmoud@hatnote.com')
    assert url.scheme == 'mailto'
    assert url.to_text() == 'mailto:mahmoud@hatnote.com'

    url = URL('http://hatnote.com')
    assert url.scheme == 'http'
    assert url.to_text() == 'http://hatnote.com'

    # test that unrecognized schemes stay consistent with '//'
    url = URL('newscheme:a:b:c')
    assert url.scheme == 'newscheme'
    assert url.to_text() == 'newscheme:a:b:c'

    url = URL('newerscheme://a/b/c')
    assert url.scheme == 'newerscheme'
    assert url.to_text() == 'newerscheme://a/b/c'

    # test that reasonable guesses are made
    url = URL('git+ftp://gitstub.biz/glyph/lefkowitz')
    assert url.scheme == 'git+ftp'
    assert url.to_text() == 'git+ftp://gitstub.biz/glyph/lefkowitz'

    url = URL('what+mailto:freerealestate@enotuniq.org')
    assert url.scheme == 'what+mailto'
    assert url.to_text() == 'what+mailto:freerealestate@enotuniq.org'

    url = URL()
    url.scheme = 'ztp'
    url.path = '/x/y/z'
    assert url.to_text() == 'ztp:/x/y/z'

def test_iri_query():
    url = URL(u'http://minerals.mountain.ore/?rock=\N{SHAMROCK}')
    assert url.query_params['rock'] == u'\N{SHAMROCK}'
    assert url.query_params.to_text(full_quote=True).endswith(u'%E2%98%98')

def test_query_params(test_url):
    url_obj = URL(test_url)
    if not url_obj.query_params or url_obj.fragment:
        return True
    qp_text = url_obj.query_params.to_text(full_quote=True)
    assert test_url.endswith(qp_text)

def test_quoted_userinfo():
    url = URL('http://wikipedia.org')
    url.username = u'user'
    url.password = u'p@ss'
    assert url.to_text(full_quote=True) == 'http://user:p%40ss@wikipedia.org'

    url = URL(u'http://beyonc\xe9:b\xe9b@tmp.com')
    # assert url.to_text(full_quote=False) == u'http://beyoncé:b%C3%A9b@tmp.com'
    assert url.to_text(full_quote=True) == u'http://beyonc%C3%A9:b%C3%A9b@tmp.com'

The newly created :class:`URL` is normalized before being returned.

        >>> url = URL('http://boltons.readthedocs.io')
        >>> url.navigate('en/latest/')
        URL(u'http://boltons.readthedocs.io/en/latest/')

        Args:
           dest (str): A string or URL object representing the destination

        More information can be found in `Section 5 of RFC 3986`_.

        .. _Section 5 of RFC 3986: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-5
        """
        orig_dest = None
        if not isinstance(dest, URL):
            dest, orig_dest = URL(dest), dest
        if dest.scheme and dest.host:
            # absolute URLs replace everything, but don't make an
            # extra copy if we don't have to
            return URL(dest) if orig_dest is None else dest
        query_params = dest.query_params

        if dest.path:
            if dest.path.startswith(u'/'):   # absolute path
                new_path_parts = list(dest.path_parts)
            else:  # relative path
                new_path_parts = self.path_parts[:-1] + dest.path_parts
        else:
            new_path_parts = list(self.path_parts)
            if not query_params:
                query_params = self.query_params

def _get_links(self, group, name):
        link_list = list(self.get_config(group, name, []))
        for link in link_list:
            if link['href'] and URL(link['href']).host:
                link['is_external'] = True
            else:
                link['is_external'] = False
        return link_list