To help you get started, we've collected the most common ways that ember-changeset is being used within popular public projects.

ember install ember-changeset

> Watch a free video intro presented by EmberScreencasts > >

Updates

We have released v3.0.0. See the CHANGELOG here. This requires Ember >= 3.13 as the use of @tracked will help us monitor and propagate changes to the UI layer. If your app is < 3.13 or you need to support IE11, then you can install the 2.0 series ember install ember-changeset@v2.2.4.

Support for IE11 was dropped with the v3.0.0 release given our ubiquitous use of Proxy.

The base library for this addon is validated-changeset. As a result, this functionality is available outside of Ember as well!

Philosophy

The idea behind a changeset is simple: it represents a set of valid changes to be applied onto any Object (Ember.Object, DS.Model, POJOs, etc). Each change is tested against an optional validation, and if valid, the change is stored and applied when executed.

Assuming a Data Down, Actions Up (DDAU) approach, a changeset is more appropriate compared to implicit 2 way bindings. Other validation libraries only validate a property after it is set on an Object, which means that your Object can enter an invalid state.

ember-changeset only allows valid changes to be set, so your Objects will never become invalid (assuming you have 100% validation coverage). Additionally, this addon is designed to be un-opinionated about your choice of form and/or validation library, so you can easily integrate it into an existing solution.

The simplest way to incorporate validations is to use ember-changeset-validations, a companion addon to this one. It has a simple mental model, and there are no Observers or CPs involved – just pure functions.

See also the plugins section for addons that extend ember-changeset.

tl;dr

import { Changeset } from 'ember-changeset';

let dummyValidations = {
  firstName(newValue) {
    return !!newValue;
  },
};

function validatorFn({ key, newValue, oldValue, changes, content }) {
  let validator = get(dummyValidations, key);

  if (typeof validator === 'function') {
    return validator(newValue, oldValue, changes, content);
  }
}

let changeset = Changeset(user, validatorFn);
user.get('firstName'); // "Michael"
user.get('lastName'); // "Bolton"

changeset.set('firstName', 'Jim');
changeset.set('lastName', 'B');
changeset.get('isInvalid'); // true
changeset.get('errors'); // [{ key: 'lastName', validation: 'too short', value: 'B' }]
changeset.set('lastName', 'Bob');
changeset.get('isValid'); // true

user.get('firstName'); // "Michael"
user.get('lastName'); // "Bolton"

changeset.save(); // sets and saves valid changes on the user
user.get('firstName'); // "Jim"
user.get('lastName'); // "Bob"

Usage

First, create a new Changeset using the changeset helper or through JavaScript via a factory function:

{{! application/template.hbs}}
{{#with (changeset model this.validate) as |changesetObj|}}
  
{{/with}}

import Component from '@ember/component';
import { Changeset } from 'ember-changeset';

export default FormComponent extends Component {
  init(...args) {
    super.init(...args)

    let validator = this.validate;
    this.changeset = Changeset(this.model, validator);
  }
}

The helper receives any Object (including DS.Model, Ember.Object, or even POJOs) and an optional validator action. If a validator is passed into the helper, the changeset will attempt to call that function when a value changes.

// application/controller.js
import Controller from '@ember/controller';
import { action } from '@ember/object';

export default class FormController extends Controller {
  @action
  submit(changeset) {
    return changeset.save();
  }

  @action
  rollback(changeset) {
    return changeset.rollback();
  }

  @action
  validate({ key, newValue, oldValue, changes, content }) {
    // lookup a validator function on your favorite validation library
    // and return a Boolean
  }
}

Then, in your favorite form library, simply pass in the changeset in place of the original model.

{{! dummy-form/template.hbs}}
<form>
  <input>
  <input>

  <button>Submit</button>
  <button>Cancel</button>
</form>

In the above example, when the input changes, only the changeset's internal values are updated. When the submit button is clicked, the changes are only executed if all changes are valid.

On rollback, all changes are dropped and the underlying Object is left untouched.

Extending the base ember-changeset class

import { EmberChangeset, Changeset } from 'ember-changeset';

class MyChangeset extends EmberChangeset {
  save() {
    super.save(...arguments);
    // do stuff
  }
}

let changeset = Changeset(user, validatorFn, validationMap, { changeset: MyChangeset });

Changeset template helpers

ember-changeset overrides set and get in order to handle deeply nested setters. mut is simply an alias for Ember.set(changeset, ...), thus we provide a changeset-set template helper if you are dealing with nested setters.

changeset-get is necessary for nested getters to easily retrieve leaf keys without error. Ember's templating layer will ask us for the first key it comes across as it traverses down the object (user.firstName). We keep track of the changes, but to also keep track of unchanged values and properly merge them in the changeset is difficult. If you are only accessing keys in an object that is only one level deep, you do not need this helper.

<form>
  <input value="{{changeset-get" type="text" id="first-name">
</form>

Limiting which keys dirty the changeset

In order to limit the changes made to your changeset and it's associated isDirty state, you can pass in a list of changesetKeys.

let changeset = Changeset(model, validatorFn, validationMap, { changesetKeys: ['name'] });

Disabling Automatic Validation

The default behavior of Changeset is to automatically validate a field when it is set. Automatic validation can be disabled by passing skipValidate as an option when creating a changeset.

let changeset = Changeset(model, validatorFn, validationMap, { skipValidate: true });

{{#with (changeset model this.validate skipValidate=true) as |changesetObj|}}
  ...
{{/with}}

Be sure to call validate() on the changeset before saving or committing changes.

Types

import Component from '@glimmer/component';
import { BufferedChangeset } from 'ember-changeset/types';
import { Changeset } from 'ember-changeset';

interface Args {
  user: {
    name: string;
    age: number;
  };
}

export default class Foo extends Component {
  changeset: BufferedChangeset;

  constructor(owner, args) {
    super(owner, args);
    this.changeset = Changeset(args.user);
  }
}

Other available types include the following. Please put in a PR if you need more types or access directly in validated-changeset!

import { ValidationResult, ValidatorMapFunc, ValidatorAction } from 'ember-changeset/types';

Alternative Changeset

Enabled in 4.1.0. Experimental and subject to changes until 5.0.

We now ship a ValidatedChangeset that is a proposed new API we would like to introduce and see if it jives with users. The goal of this new feature is to remove confusing APIs and externalize validations.

• ✂️ save
• ✂️ cast
• ✂️ merge
• errors are required to be added to the Changeset manually after validate
• validate takes a callback with the sum of changes and original content to be applied to your externalized validation. In user land you will call changeset.validate((changes) => yupSchema.validate(changes))

import Component from '@glimmer/component';
import { ValidatedChangeset } from 'ember-changeset';
import { action, get } from '@ember/object';
import { object, string } from 'yup';

class Foo {
  user = {
    name: 'someone',
    email: 'something@gmail.com',
  };
}

const FormSchema = object({
  cid: string().required(),
  user: object({
    name: string().required(),
    email: string().email(),
  })
});

export default class ValidatedForm extends Component {
  constructor() {
    super(...arguments);

    this.model = new Foo();
    this.changeset = ValidatedChangeset(this.model);
  }

  @action
  async setChangesetProperty(path, evt) {
    this.changeset.set(path, evt.target.value);
    try {
      await this.changeset.validate((changes) => FormSchema.validate(changes));
      this.changeset.removeError(path);
    } catch (e) {
      this.changeset.addError(e.path, { value: this.changeset.get(e.path), validation: e.message });
    }
  }

  @action
  async submitForm(changeset, event) {
    event.preventDefault();

    changeset.execute();
    await this.model.save();
  }
}

API

• Properties
  • error
  • change
  • errors
  • changes
  • data
  • pendingData
  • isValid
  • isInvalid
  • isPristine
  • isDirty
• Methods
  • get
  • set
  • prepare
  • execute
  • unexecute
  • save
  • merge
  • rollback
  • rollbackInvalid
  • rollbackProperty
  • validate
  • addError
  • pushErrors
  • snapshot
  • restore
  • cast
  • isValidating
• Events
  • beforeValidation
  • afterValidation
  • afterRollback

error

Returns the error object.

{
  firstName: {
    value: 'Jim',
    validation: 'First name must be greater than 7 characters'
  }
}

Note that keys can be arbitrarily nested:

{
  address: {
    zipCode: {
      value: '123',
      validation: 'Zip code must have 5 digits'
    }
  }
}

You can use this property to locate a single error:

{{#if changeset.error.firstName}}
  <p>{{changeset.error.firstName.validation}}</p>
{{/if}}

{{#if changeset.error.address.zipCode}}
  <p>{{changeset.error.address.zipCode.validation}}</p>
{{/if}}

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change

Returns the change object.

{
  firstName: 'Jim';
}

Note that keys can be arbitrarily nested:

{
  address: {
    zipCode: '10001';
  }
}

You can use this property to locate a single change:

{{changeset.change.firstName}}
{{changeset.change.address.zipCode}}

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errors

Returns an array of errors. If your validate function returns a non-boolean value, it is added here as the validation property.

[
  {
    key: 'firstName',
    value: 'Jim',
    validation: 'First name must be greater than 7 characters',
  },
  {
    key: 'address.zipCode',
    value: '123',
    validation: 'Zip code must have 5 digits',
  },
];

You can use this property to render a list of errors:

{{#if changeset.isInvalid}}
  <p>There were errors in your form:</p>
  <ul>
    {{#each changeset.errors as |error|}}
      <li>{{error.key}}: {{error.validation}}</li>
    {{/each}}
  </ul>
{{/if}}

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changes

Returns an array of changes to be executed. Only valid changes will be stored on this property.

[
  {
    key: 'firstName',
    value: 'Jim',
  },
  {
    key: 'address.zipCode',
    value: 10001,
  },
];

You can use this property to render a list of changes:

<ul>
  {{#each changeset.changes as |change|}}
    <li>{{change.key}}: {{change.value}}</li>
  {{/each}}
</ul>

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data

Returns the Object that was wrapped in the changeset.

let user = { name: 'Bobby', age: 21, address: { zipCode: '10001' } };
let changeset = Changeset(user);

changeset.get('data'); // user

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pendingData

Returns object with changes applied to original data without mutating original data object. Unlike execute(), pendingData shows resulting object even if validation failed. Original data or changeset won't be modified.

Note: Currently, it only works with POJOs. Refer to execute for a way to apply changes onto ember-data models.

let user = { name: 'Bobby', age: 21, address: { zipCode: '10001' } };
let changeset = Changeset(user);

changeset.set('name', 'Zoe');

changeset.get('pendingData'); // { name: 'Zoe', age: 21, address: { zipCode: '10001' } }

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isValid

Returns a Boolean value of the changeset's validity.

changeset.get('isValid'); // true

You can use this property in the template:

{{#if changeset.isValid}}
  <p>Good job!</p>
{{/if}}

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isInvalid

Returns a Boolean value of the changeset's (in)validity.

changeset.get('isInvalid'); // true

You can use this property in the template:

{{#if changeset.isInvalid}}
  <p>There were one or more errors in your form</p>
{{/if}}

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isPristine

Returns a Boolean value of the changeset's state. A pristine changeset is one with no changes.

changeset.get('isPristine'); // true

If changes present on the changeset are equal to the content's, this will return true. However, note that key/value pairs in the list of changes must all be present and equal on the content, but not necessarily vice versa:

let user = { name: 'Bobby', age: 21, address: { zipCode: '10001' } };

changeset.set('name', 'Bobby');
changeset.get('isPristine'); // true

changeset.set('address.zipCode', '10001');
changeset.get('isPristine'); // true

changeset.set('foo', 'bar');
changeset.get('isPristine'); // false

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isDirty

Returns a Boolean value of the changeset's state. A dirty changeset is one with changes.

changeset.get('isDirty'); // true

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get

Exactly the same semantics as Ember.get. This proxies first to the error value, the changed value, and finally to the underlying Object.

changeset.get('firstName'); // "Jim"
changeset.set('firstName', 'Billy'); // "Billy"
changeset.get('firstName'); // "Billy"

changeset.get('address.zipCode'); // "10001"
changeset.set('address.zipCode', '94016'); // "94016"
changeset.get('address.zipCode'); // "94016"

You can use and bind this property in the template:

{{input value=changeset.firstName}}

Note that using Ember.get will not necessarily work if you're expecting an Object. On the other hand, using changeset.get will work just fine:

get(changeset, 'momentObj').format('dddd'); // will error, format is undefined
changeset.get('momentObj').format('dddd'); // => "Friday"

This is because Changeset wraps an Object with Ember.ObjectProxy internally, and overrides Ember.Object.get to hide this implementation detail.

Because an Object is wrapped with Ember.ObjectProxy, the following (although more verbose) will also work:

get(changeset, 'momentObj.content').format('dddd'); // => "Friday"

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set

Exactly the same semantics as Ember.set. This stores the change on the changeset. It is recommended to use changeset.set(...) instead of Ember.set(changeset, ...). Ember.set will set the property for nested keys on the underlying model.

changeset.set('firstName', 'Milton'); // "Milton"
changeset.set('address.zipCode', '10001'); // "10001"

You can use and bind this property in the template:

{{input value=changeset.firstName}}
{{input value=changeset.address.country}}

Any updates on this value will only store the change on the changeset, even with 2 way binding.

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prepare

Provides a function to run before emitting changes to the model. The callback function must return a hash in the same shape:

changeset.prepare((changes) => {
  // changes = { firstName: "Jim", lastName: "Bob", 'address.zipCode': "07030" };
  let modified = {};

  for (let key in changes) {
    let newKey = key.split('.').map(underscore).join('.');
    modified[newKey] = changes[key];
  }

  // don't forget to return, the original changes object is not mutated
  // modified = { first_name: "Jim", last_name: "Bob", 'address.zip_code': "07030" };
  return modified;
}); // returns changeset

The callback function is not validated – if you modify a value, it is your responsibility to ensure that it is valid.

Returns the changeset.

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execute

Applies the valid changes to the underlying Object.

changeset.execute(); // returns changeset

Note that executing the changeset will not remove the internal list of changes - instead, you should do so explicitly with rollback or save if that is desired.

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unexecute

Undo changes made to underlying Object for changeset. This is often useful if you want to remove changes from underlying Object if save fails.

changeset
  .save()
  .catch(() => {
    // save applies changes to the underlying Object via this.execute(). This may be undesired for your use case.
    dummyChangeset.unexecute();
  })

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save

Executes changes, then proxies to the underlying Object's save method, if one exists. If it does, the method can either return a Promise or a non-Promise value. Either way, the changeset's save method will return a promise.

changeset.save(); // returns Promise

The save method will also remove the internal list of changes if the save is successful.

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merge

Merges 2 changesets and returns a new changeset with the same underlying content and validator as the origin. Both changesets must point to the same underlying object. For example:

let changesetA = Changeset(user, validatorFn);
let changesetB = Changeset(user, validatorFn);

changesetA.set('firstName', 'Jim');
changesetA.set('address.zipCode', '94016');

changesetB.set('firstName', 'Jimmy');
changesetB.set('lastName', 'Fallon');
changesetB.set('address.zipCode', '10112');

let changesetC = changesetA.merge(changesetB);
changesetC.execute();

user.get('firstName'); // "Jimmy"
user.get('lastName'); // "Fallon"
user.get('address.zipCode'); // "10112"

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rollback

Rolls back all unsaved changes and resets all errors.

changeset.rollback(); // returns changeset

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rollbackInvalid

Rolls back all invalid unsaved changes and resets all errors. Valid changes will be kept on the changeset.

changeset.rollbackInvalid(); // returns changeset

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rollbackProperty

Rolls back unsaved changes for the specified property only. All other changes will be kept on the changeset.

// user = { firstName: "Jim", lastName: "Bob" };
let changeset = Changeset(user);
changeset.set('firstName', 'Jimmy');
changeset.set('lastName', 'Fallon');
changeset.rollbackProperty('lastName'); // returns changeset
changeset.execute();
user.get('firstName'); // "Jimmy"
user.get('lastName'); // "Bob"

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validate

Validates all, single or multiple fields on the changeset. This will also validate the property on the underlying object, and is a useful method if you require the changeset to validate immediately on render.

Note: This method requires a validation map to be passed in when the changeset is first instantiated.

user.set('lastName', 'B');
user.set('address.zipCode', '123');

let validationMap = {
  lastName: validateLength({ min: 8 }),

  // specify nested keys with pojo's
  address: {
    zipCode: validateLength({ is: 5 }),
  },
};

let changeset = Changeset(user, validatorFn, validationMap);
changeset.get('isValid'); // true

// validate single field; returns Promise
changeset.validate('lastName');
changeset.validate('address.zipCode');
// multiple keys
changeset.validate('lastName', 'address.zipCode');

// validate all fields; returns Promise
changeset.validate().then(() => {
  changeset.get('isInvalid'); // true

  // [{ key: 'lastName', validation: 'too short', value: 'B' },
  //  { key: 'address.zipCode', validation: 'too short', value: '123' }]
  changeset.get('errors');
});

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addError

Manually add an error to the changeset.

changeset.addError('email', {
  value: 'jim@bob.com',
  validation: 'Email already taken',
});

changeset.addError('address.zip', {
  value: '123',
  validation: 'Must be 5 digits',
});

// shortcut
changeset.addError('email', 'Email already taken');
changeset.addError('address.zip', 'Must be 5 digits');

Adding an error manually does not require any special setup. The error will be cleared if the value for the key is subsequently set to a valid value. Adding an error will overwrite any existing error or change for key.

If using the shortcut method, the value in the changeset will be used as the value for the error.

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pushErrors

Manually push errors to the changeset.

changeset.pushErrors('age', 'Too short', 'Not a valid number', 'Must be greater than 18');
changeset.pushErrors('dogYears.age', 'Too short', 'Not a valid number', 'Must be greater than 2.5');

This is compatible with ember-changeset-validations, and allows you to either add a new error with multiple validation messages or push to an existing array of validation messages.

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snapshot

Creates a snapshot of the changeset's errors and changes. This can be used to restore the changeset at a later time.

let snapshot = changeset.snapshot(); // snapshot

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restore

Restores a snapshot of changes and errors to the changeset. This overrides existing changes and errors.

let user = { name: 'Adam', address: { country: 'United States' } };
let changeset = Changeset(user, validatorFn);

changeset.set('name', 'Jim Bob');
changeset.set('address.country', 'North Korea');
let snapshot = changeset.snapshot();

changeset.set('name', 'Poteto');
changeset.set('address.country', 'Australia');

changeset.restore(snapshot);
changeset.get('name'); // "Jim Bob"
changeset.get('address.country'); // "North Korea"

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cast

Unlike Ecto.Changeset.cast, cast will take an array of allowed keys and remove unwanted keys off of the changeset.

let allowed = ['name', 'password', 'address.country'];
let changeset = Changeset(user, validatorFn);

changeset.set('name', 'Jim Bob');
changeset.set('address.country', 'United States');

changeset.set('unwantedProp', 'foo');
changeset.set('address.unwantedProp', 123);
changeset.get('unwantedProp'); // "foo"
changeset.get('address.unwantedProp'); // 123

changeset.cast(allowed); // returns changeset
changeset.get('unwantedProp'); // undefined
changeset.get('address.country'); // "United States"
changeset.get('another.unwantedProp'); // undefined

For example, this method can be used to only allow specified changes through prior to saving. This is especially useful if you also setup a schema object for your model (using Ember Data), which can then be exported and used as a list of allowed keys:

// models/user.js
export const schema = {
  name: attr('string'),
  password: attr('string'),
};

export default Model.extend(schema);

// controllers/foo.js
import { action } from '@ember/object';
import { schema } from '../models/user';
const { keys } = Object;

export default FooController extends Controller {
  // ...

  @action
  save(changeset) {
    return changeset.cast(keys(schema)).save();
  }
}

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isValidating

Checks to see if async validator for a given key has not resolved. If no key is provided it will check to see if any async validator is running.

changeset.set('lastName', 'Appleseed');
changeset.set('firstName', 'Johnny');
changeset.set('address.city', 'Anchorage');
changeset.validate();

changeset.isValidating(); // true if any async validation is still running
changeset.isValidating('lastName'); // true if lastName validation is async and still running
changeset.isValidating('address.city'); // true if address.city validation is async and still running

changeset.validate().then(() => {
  changeset.isValidating(); // false since validations are complete
});

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beforeValidation

This event is triggered after isValidating is set to true for a key, but before the validation is complete.

changeset.on('beforeValidation', (key) => {
  console.log(`${key} is validating...`);
});
changeset.validate();
changeset.isValidating(); // true
// console output: lastName is validating...
// console output: address.city is validating...

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afterValidation

This event is triggered after async validations are complete and isValidating is set to false for a key.

changeset.on('afterValidation', (key) => {
  console.log(`${key} has completed validating`);
});
changeset.validate().then(() => {
  changeset.isValidating(); // false
  // console output: lastName has completed validating
  // console output: address.city has completed validating
});

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afterRollback

This event is triggered after a rollback of the changeset. This can be used for some advanced use cases where it is necessary to separately track all changes that are made to the changeset.

changeset.on('afterRollback', () => {
  console.log('changeset has rolled back');
});
changeset.rollback();
// console output: changeset has rolled back

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Validation signature

To use with your favorite validation library, you should create a custom validator action to be passed into the changeset:

// application/controller.js
import Controller from '@ember/controller';
import { action } from '@ember/object';

export default class FormController extends Controller {
  @action
  validate({ key, newValue, oldValue, changes, content }) {
    // lookup a validator function on your favorite validation library
    // should return a Boolean
  }
}

{{! application/template.hbs}}

Your action will receive a single POJO containing the key, newValue, oldValue, a one way reference to changes, and the original object content.

Handling Server Errors

When you run changeset.save(), under the hood this executes the changeset, and then runs the save method on your original content object, passing its return value back to you. You are then free to use this result to add additional errors to the changeset via the addError method, if applicable.

For example, if you are using an Ember Data model in your route, saving the changeset will save the model. If the save rejects, Ember Data will add errors to the model for you. To copy the model errors over to your changeset, add a handler like this:

changeset
  .save()
  .then(() => {
    /* ... */
  })
  .catch(() => {
    get(this, 'model.errors').forEach(({ attribute, message }) => {
      changeset.addError(attribute, message);
    });
  });

Detecting Changesets

If you're uncertain whether or not you're dealing with a Changeset, you can use the isChangeset util.

import { isChangeset } from 'validated-changeset';

if (isChangeset(model)) {
  model.execute();
  // other changeset-specific code...
}

Plugins

• ember-changeset-validations - Pure, functional validations without CPs or Observers
• ember-changeset-cp-validations - Work with ember-cp-validations
• ember-changeset-hofs - Higher-order validation functions
• ember-bootstrap-changeset-validations - Adds support for changeset validations to ember-bootstrap

Tips and Tricks

• General Input Helper with ember-concurrency

export default Component.extend({
  classNameBindings: ['hasError:validated-input--error'],

  _checkValidity: task(function* (changeset, valuePath, value) {
    yield timeout(150);

    let snapshot = changeset.snapshot();

    // valuePath is the property on the changeset, e.g. firstName
    changeset.set(valuePath, value);

    if (!changeset.get(`error.${valuePath}`)) {
      set(this, 'hasError', false);
    } else {
      // if error, restore changeset so don't show error in template immediately'
      // i.e. wait for onblur action to validate and show error in template
      changeset.restore(snapshot);
    }
  }).restartable(),

  actions: {
    /**
     * @method validateProperty
     * @param {Object} changeset
     * @param {String} valuePath
     * @param {Object} e
     */
    validateProperty(changeset, valuePath, e) {
      changeset.set(valuePath, e.target.value);

      if (changeset.get(`error.${valuePath}`)) {
        set(this, 'hasError', true);
      } else {
        set(this, 'hasError', false);
      }
    },

    /**
     * @method checkValidity
     * @param {Object} changeset
     * @param {Event} e
     */
    checkValidity(changeset, e) {
      get(this, '_checkValidity').perform(changeset, this.valuePath, e.target.value);
    },
  },
});

<input placeholder="{{placeholder}}" disabled="{{disabled}}" value="{{get" type="{{type}}">

Contributors

We're grateful to these wonderful contributors who've contributed to ember-changeset:

Installation

• git clone this repository
• npm install

Running

• ember serve
• Visit your app at https://localhost:4200.

Running Tests

• npm test (Runs ember try:testall to test your addon against multiple Ember versions)
• ember test
• ember test --serve

Building

• ember build

For more information on using ember-cli, visit https://ember-cli.com/.